Israel
Israel is occupying the Golan Heights, Shebaa Farms and the Palestinian territories. In addition, the non-international armed conflicts in Syria have spilled over into the Golan Heights, leading to a series of short-lived international armed conflicts.
Israel is involved as the occupying power in three occupations.
- First, Israel is occupying the Golan Heights, which are part of Syria.
- Second, Israel is occupying the Shebaa Farms, which are part of Lebanon.
- Finally, Israel is occupying the Palestinian territories, which are part of Palestine.
The non-international armed conflicts in Syria have repeatedly spilled over into the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. Syrian and Israeli armed forces have repeatedly violated the 1974 Disengagement of Armed Forces Agreement and fighting between Syrian armed forces and non-state armed groups in the area of separation remains common. In response to cross-border attacks from non-state armed groups, but also to prevent the transfer of advanced weaponry to Hezbollah, Israel has repeatedly carried out missile and airstrikes inside Syrian territory, leading to a series of distinct short-lived international armed conflicts.
On 11 February 2018, Israel launched its largest scale aerial attacks inside Syria so far. After claiming to have intercepted an Iranian drone crossing the Syrian-Israeli border, Israeli fighter planes attacked a Syrian military base. During the attack, an Israeli fighter plane was shut down by Syrian air defence. In response, Israel launched attacks targeting Syrian air defences. This use of force by Israel against Syria amounts to a short-lived international armed conflict.
In recent years, Wilayat Sinai, an organized armed group which operates in Egypt, has sporadically launched attacks against Israel with rockets. Worried by the developments in the Sinai Peninsula and the alliance between Wilayat Sinai and the Islamic State group, Israel has been conducting a covert air campaign in the region with the consent of the Egyptian government. Notably, since 2016 Israel has carried out more than 100 airstrikes in Egypt, using unmarked drones, helicopters and jets.